Wisloff U, Stoylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo O, Haram PM, Tjonna AE, Helgerud J, Slordahl SA, Lee SJ, Videm V, Bye A, Smith GL, Najjar SM, Ellingsen O, Skjaerpe T (2007) Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients – a randomized study. Physiological hypertrophy, which usually occurs during pregnancy and exercise, is characterize with a coordinated increase in ventricular volume and wall thickness, most importantly, it is reversible once the stimulus was relieved ( 2 ). Maron BJ, Pelliccia A (2006) The heart of trained athletes – cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death. Cardiac hypertrophy can be generally divided into physiological and pathological hypertrophy. Interaction between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes modulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Both physiological and pathological heart growth are associated with an increase in heart size, however pathological hypertrophy is also typically associated with loss of myocytes and fibrotic replacement, cardiac dysfunction, and increased risk of heart failure and sudden death (Levy et al., 1990, Weber et al., 1993, Cohn et al., 1997). Pathological hypertrophy develops myocytes death and fibrotic remodeling, and this promotes cardiac dysfunction. Acta Physiologica 199:425–439įagard R (2003) Athlete’s heart. Pathological and physiological hypertrophy differs in the signaling pathways that drive these processes. There are two types of hypertrophy: physiological and pathological. Kemi OJ, Wisloff U (2010) Mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements in the contractile apparatus of the mammalian myocardium. Hunter JJ, Chien KR (1999) Signaling pathways for cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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